Scaling
Scaling is the thin flaking of the surface. It usually starts small and can spread. Common causes include finishing issues, weather exposure, and de-icers.
Spalling
Spalling is deeper — chunks of surface breaking off, sometimes exposing aggregate or reinforcement. This usually points to a more serious underlying issue.
Pitting
Small pits or divots across the surface can be cosmetic or a sign of finishing or exposure issues. Depth and spread matter for the response.
Discoloration
Uneven color across a slab often comes from finishing conditions or curing environment. It's typically cosmetic, though sealers can even it out over time.
When to Act
Cosmetic issues can often wait. Damage that exposes aggregate, reinforcement, or the slab itself deserves attention.
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Evaluate Surface Damage